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DEFENDING THE DEFENDERS : REPLACEABLE UNTIL NEEDED AGAIN- FEMALE JOURNALISTS

The Unseen Struggles Of Uganda’s Female Journalists During The COVID-19 Lockdown

By Nankwanga Eunice Kasirye

Being a journalist in Uganda is already complex,for female journalists, especially freelancers, the challenges multiply. When the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a nationwide lockdown in 2020, the cracks in Uganda’s media industry widened—revealing the harsh realities of gender inequality, economic uncertainty and policy-driven exclusion.

As the world turned to media for timely updates, facts, and survival information, Uganda’s female journalists found themselves at the margins of both the newsroom and society. This piece, part of the Defending the Defenders series, documents the lived experiences of five Ugandan women journalists. Their voices expose how a global health emergency deepened existing inequalities in the media industry.

The movement permit Crisis: Who Gets to Tell the Story?

Uganda’s COVID-19 lockdown included a total suspension of public transport and non-essential movement. Journalists, considered essential workers, were only allowed to move if they had a government-issued movement permit—popularly referred to as a "sticker." These stickers were allocated to media employers, who in turn decided which of their staff would be permitted to work.

In most newsrooms, this decision-making process skewed heavily in favor of men. Those with personal vehicles or willing to sleep at the station were prioritized, while women—particularly freelance journalists—were often excluded.

Keno Lilian – Newsroom Leadership, Gender Blind Spots

As Chief News Editor at Radio One, one of Uganda’s top radio stations, Keno Lilian had a front-row seat to the inner workings of media management during the crisis.

We had very few movement permits, and management prioritized those who could ride bicycles, own vehicles or stay overnight at the station—mostly men. There was a silent assumption that women couldn’t handle the pressure,” she shared.

Despite her senior role, Lilian found herself unable to fully influence the decisions. “The lockdown exposed what we don’t say aloud: that we still don’t see women as resilient or capable enough to lead in times of crisis.”

Eva Namugabi – The Invisible Freelance Majority

Freelance radio journalist Eva Namugabi was hit hard when newsroom budgets were slashed. Without a contract, she was ineligible for a movement sticker—and therefore, unable to work.

I earn per story. But when COVID hit, I couldn’t move, couldn’t file, and couldn’t get paid. The system erased me overnight,” she said. “It was like we didn’t exist—no contracts, no transport, no safety net.”

Eva’s situation mirrored that of countless freelance journalists across the country. Her story is a sobering reminder of how Uganda’s media economy continues to undervalue freelance contributors—many of whom are women.

Veronica Kayanga – A Decade of Work, No Recognition

Court reporter Veroca Kayanga has been working with her media house for over ten years—yet she’s never been placed on permanent staff.

For over a decade I’ve delivered headline stories. But never been considered for a contract,” she recalled. “I walked for hours every day just to survive—because if I didn’t file, I didn’t eat.”

Veroca’s commitment came at a high cost. She developed complications in her legs due to the long distances she walked daily. “Even then, I had to keep moving. Because in freelance media, there’s no sick leave—only silence and struggle.”

 Nalujja Shamshad – Fear, Isolation, and Silent Bravery

Health reporter Nalujja Shamshad stood out for her fearless coverage of quarantine centers, treatment units, and the frontlines of the pandemic.

No one wanted to go near COVID stories. People even avoided me, afraid I’d infect them,” she shared. “But I kept going—because the story mattered, even if I didn’t.”

Her work earned her one of the rare movement stickers, but at an emotional cost. “I reported every day, but I cried alone most nights. We celebrated the coverage, but no one asked how the reporter was doing.”

 Fleriah Nalwanga – Gendered Management Decisions

As station manager at Impact Radio and Dream Television, Fleriah Nalwanga had to make painful decisions during the lockdown. She quickly realized that women staff bore the brunt of downsizing.

Departments with more women—marketing, admin, production—were hit first. We could only keep those who could live on-site. All were men,” she admitted. “And the saddest part? Some of those women may never return to media work.”

Fleriah pushed for change, but cultural expectations and logistics made it difficult. “We assumed women wouldn’t manage overnight shifts or rough conditions. That thinking cost us not just talent, but progress.”

When Storytellers Are Silenced

A 2020 UNESCO report found that only 24% of media professionals in Uganda are women, with few in leadership roles. The Media Council of Uganda noted that over 60% of freelance journalists were unable to work during the COVID-19 lockdown, primarily due to lack of movement stickers and newsroom support.

These statistics tell a troubling story—but they only scratch the surface. The real losses were emotional, professional, and personal. Uganda’s female journalists were not just underpaid and undervalued—they were systematically excluded from the most vital storytelling moment of their careers.

We didn’t just lose work—we lost visibility, voice, and value,” said Lilian. “And it will take more than recovery—it will take reimagining the newsroom.

Defending the Defenders: A Call to Action

If the media is truly the backbone of democracy, then it must also defend its own. Women journalists must be seen, heard, protected, and empowered—not just in peacetime, but especially in crisis.

We must ask ourselves: Who tells the story when the storytellers are silenced?

Key Recommendations:

  • Media houses should adopt gender-responsive crisis protocols.
  • Freelance journalists deserve contracts, fair pay, and emergency support.
  • Movement permits and field access must reflect gender balance.
  • Post-COVID recovery efforts in media should prioritize inclusion and equity.

About the Author:
Nankwanga Eunice Kasirye is a Ugandan media consultant, journalist, and communications strategist. She leads the “Defending the Defenders” investigative series, amplifying the voices of women journalists and frontline communicators.

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